Hauv kev lag luam chemical engineering, kev ua tiav kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv huv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv daim teb no yog lub extraction thiab concentration unit. Chav tsev siab heev no ua ke nrog ntau yam thev naus laus zis los rho tawm, cais thiab mloog cov khoom xav tau los ntawm cov khoom sib tov. Chav tsev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, los ntawm kev siv tshuaj mus rau roj av refining.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev rho tawm thiab cov concentration yog xaiv kom yaj ib lossis ntau qhov xav tau los ntawm kev sib tov siv cov kuab tshuaj haum. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cais cov khoom sib txuas ntawm tus nqi los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, raws li nws tso cai rau lub hom phiaj rho tawm ntawm hom xav tau. Los ntawm kev siv cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv, qhov kub thiab txias, kev kub ntxhov thiab kev sib cais, cov kws ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem rho tawm kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub extraction thiab concentration unit yog lub peev xwm los xaiv extract Cheebtsam thaum tawm hauv pliaj tshuaj. Qhov kev xaiv no tso cai rau kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm impurities, uas ua rau cov khoom siv ntshiab thiab muaj zog kawg nkaus. Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, cov khoom siv extraction yog siv los cais cov khoom xyaw tshuaj nquag (APIs) los ntawm cov nroj tsuag lossis lwm qhov chaw ntuj. Qhov no enables zus tau tej cov tshuaj zoo nrog tsawg impurities.
Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev rho tawm thiab cov concentration units yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov khoom uas xav tau, engineers txo qhov ntim ntawm cov tshuaj extraction, uas txo cov kev ua haujlwm tom ntej. Qhov kev ua kom zoo no txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob, kev siv hnyav thiab tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev daws teeb meem feem ntau txhim kho cov txheej txheem qis qis xws li crystallization lossis distillation, ntxiv cov khoom tsim tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab txo cov nqi.
Extraction thiab concentration units siv ntau hom kev rho tawm xws li kua-kua extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE) thiab supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), nyob ntawm seb cov khoom ntawm cov khoom xyaw thiab qhov xav tau. LLE suav nrog cov khoom tawg hauv ob theem ua kua tsis zoo, feem ntau yog cov kuab tshuaj aqueous thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic. SPE siv cov khoom matrices xws li cov pa roj carbon activated lossis silica gel los xaiv cov khoom uas xav tau. SFE siv cov kua dej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv. Txhua cov txheej txheem muaj nws qhov zoo thiab raug xaiv raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev rho tawm, qhov concentration nam ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb sib npaug. Concentration yog ua tiav los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm cov tshuaj extraction, tawm hauv cov tshuaj concentrated los yog cov khoom seem. Cov kauj ruam no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom xav tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov concentration ntau dua, ua rau lawv yooj yim dua rau cov txheej txheem ntxiv lossis txheeb xyuas. Cov txheej txheem siv rau cov concentration muaj xws li evaporation, distillation, freeze-drying, thiab membrane filtration, thiab lwm yam.
Evaporation yog ib txoj hauv kev siv dav hauv kev tsom xam cov kev daws teeb meem. Thaum cua sov, cov kuab tshuaj evaporates, tawm hauv cov concentrated solute. Cov txheej txheem no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau rau thermally ruaj khov qhov chaw. Ntawm qhov tod tes, distillation yog siv thaum lub boiling point ntawm cov kuab tshuaj yog ho txo qis tshaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom. Distillation cais cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm lwm yam khoom los ntawm cua sov thiab condensing vapors. Freeze-drying siv lub voj voog khov-thaw thiab txo qis kom tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj, tawm hauv cov khoom qhuav, concentrated. Thaum kawg, membrane filtration siv permselective membranes cais cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm cov concentrated Cheebtsam.
Hauv kev xaus, cov extraction thiab concentration units ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam txheej txheem tshuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam. Chav tsev muab cov txheej txheem rho tawm xws li LLE, SPE thiab SFE los xaiv tshem tawm cov khoom xav tau los ntawm kev sib tov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws siv ntau hom kev siv tshuaj, suav nrog evaporation, distillation, khov-drying thiab membrane filtration, kom cov concentration ntawm cov khoom xav tau. Yog li, chav tsev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab raug nqi sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv huv, ua rau cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov chaw muag tshuaj, roj refining los yog lwm yam kev lag luam tshuaj, extraction thiab concentration units yog ib tug indispensable cuab tam nyob rau hauv lub nrhiav kom tau zoo.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-23-2023